Watertight Bulkhead Technology: Centuries Ahead of its Time

The watertight bulkhead technology of Chinese junks was inscribed both on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding by UNESCO in 2010.

Rudder: Ancient Chinese Shipbuilding Wisdom

China is the first country in the world to invent the rudder, which is a major achievement in China's shipbuilding and navigation technology, and subsequently went on to have a profound influence on the world of navigation.

Bast Fibers Strengthen?Forbidden City Walls

Xiatang Reveals 10,000-Year-Old Artifacts

?Pottery dating back almost 10,000 years are part of the latest discoveries unearthed at the Xiatang historic site. News of the ancient artifacts was revealed at an archaeological conference held from October 25-27 in Xianju county, east China's Zhejiang province.

The Temple of Heaven: Ancient Architectural Masterpiece

The Temple of Heaven is one of the most significant heritage sites along Beijing's Central Axis. As the main structure of the Temple of Heaven, the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests stands on a three-tiered pedestal made of pure white marble, making it one of the tallest ancient buildings in Beijing.

Wanning Bridge: Exemplar of Ancient Water Conservancy

Wukong Rides High, Chinese Culture Goes Global

A Chinese video game, Black Myth: Wukong, has become a global sensation. Its latest trailer has an arresting dialogue: "Use powerful methods, but have a compassionate heart and that's your destiny." This reflects the essence of the game's central character, Sun Wukong, or Wukong, a figure with a strong will, a rebellious streak and persistence.

Yongle Porcelain: Pinnacle of Ancient White China

Yongle porcelain, also called sweet white porcelain, was produced during the Ming Dynasty's Yongle period (1403-1424), and features a special glaze giving a smooth and creamy appearance. This kind of porcelain was described in ancient times as "white like congealed fat, immaculate like piled-up snow," denoting the highest level of ancient Chinese white porcelain.

Abacus: Chinese Counting Symbol

The abacus, a manually operated counting aid that originated in China, was hailed as "the fifth great invention in China" by Joseph Needham, a renowned British biochemist and historian. Before the advent of Arabic numerals, the abacus was a widely used counting tool globally.

Bronze Sun-shaped Device： Secondary Casting Method Icon

A bronze sun-shaped device, unearthed at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan province, has a history of more than 3,000 years. The circular device, around 84 cm in diameter, has a protruding center like the sun. Five arms are radially connected to the surrounding halo. The circular hole in the center of the device and five equally spaced circular holes on the halo are all used for fixing purposes.

Heaviest Gold Mask of Sanxingdui

Among the gold masks unearthed at the Sanxingdui archaeological site, one that covers only half a face holds China's record for the heaviest gold object.

King of Bronze Statues

The grand statue of a human figure in bronze, on display at the new Sanxingdui Museum in Sichuan province, southwest China, is the tallest and most complete standing bronze figure in existence.

Nest Car: A Mobile Military Reconnaissance Post

In ancient times, the military deployed a vehicle equipped with a cabin for observing enemy movements from a high altitude, known as the Nest Car because the cabin was suspended high up on a pole, just like a bird's nest.

Copper Bird: The Oldest Weather Vane

The world's earliest wind direction instrument, the copper bird, was invented by Zhang Heng (78-139), a renowned scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It resembles a bird made of copper with a short head and a long tail, placed on a straight pole about 16 centimeters high. When the wind blows, the direction pointed by the bird's head is that of the wind.

Water-powered Trip Hammer for Husking

The water-powered trip hammer is a grain processing tool that uses the power of running water to grind grains, which was invented in the Western Han Dynasty(202 BC-8 AD).

Ancient Irrigation Tool: Dragonbone Water Lift

The dragonbone water lift, a milestone invention first made during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), is a wooden machine used for irrigation.

Operations Research Originates in Transport of Military Rations

To solve the problem of grain transportation, Shen Kuo analyzed the proportion between logistics personnel and soldiers during different marching days, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using livestock and manpower to transport rations. These analyses were documented in his epic book, Dream Pool Essays.

Unique Acoustic Technology in Ancient China

In his book Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo documented an intriguing ancient Chinese practice of using cowhide arrow quivers as both storage for arrows and makeshift pillows. When these quivers were placed on the ground, their hollow interiors allowed people to hear faint sounds of individuals and horses several miles away. The underlying spirit of scientific creativity serves as a wellspring of wisdom and inspiration for modern endeavors.

Extracting Copper from Water: The Earliest Hydrometallurgy

Legend has it that there was a spring in the present day Yanshan county, Jiangxi province, where the water was not sweet but bitter. Local villagers discovered that through boiling this spring water, they could extract gleaming yellow copper. Intrigued, Shen Kuo (1031-1095) traveled to witness this process and documented it in his book Dream Pool Essays.

Defending Territory Requires Accurate Maps

Shen Kuo utilized the Shouling Tu — the most accurate administrative map in that era — as evidence to demonstrate that the contested mountain was situated south of the Baigou River, firmly establishing it as part of the territory of the Song dynasty. The Shouling Tu, which was drawn by Shen in twelve years, played an important role in defending the territory.